Instruments

The Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) is a 42-item questionnaire which uses a 5-point Likert scale measuring students' experience of science or math instruction.  Students are asked a variety of questions measuring Personal Relevance, Critical Voice, Shared Control, Uncertainy, Student Negotiation, Commitment, and Teacher Support.  The Personal Relevance scale is concerned with the connectedness of school science to students' out-of-school experiences.  The Student Negotiation scale focuses on whether teachers' pedagogical attention extends beyond the traditional social activity of students helping each other to work out the correct answer to a problem.  The Shared Control scale is concerned with students being invited to share control with the teacher of the learning environment, including the articulation of their own learning goals, the design and management of their learning activities, and determining and applying assessment criteria. And the Critical Voice Scale, derived from a critical theory perspective, which promotes an interest in student empowerment, measures the extent to which teachers willingly demonstrate to the class their pedagogical accountability by fostering students' critical attitudes towards the teaching and learning activities.

The CLES website provides the CLES survey as well as documentation about the survey's validity.  The instruments and most documentation is also attached.

Authors provide instrument validity and/or reliability information.