Instruments

The Sources of Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale was developed and tested with college and high school students. The college data supported a four-factor structure (performance, vicarious learning, social persuasion, emotional arousal). The high school data fit a five-factor model (performance, adult modeling, peer modeling, social persuasion, emotional arousal).

The Sources of Science Self-Efficacy Scale was adapted from the mathematics scale and was used with middle school students. It consists of four subscales measuring the effects of mastery experiences (eight items; sample: ‘‘I got a good grade in science class last semester’’), vicarious experiences (seven items; sample: ‘‘Many of the adults I most admire are good in science’’), social persuasions (eight items; sample: ‘‘My teachers believe I can do well in difficult science courses’’), and physiological states (eight items; sample: ‘‘Science makes me feel uncomfortable and nervous’’).

The links below provides documentation about the two versions of instrument. For the mathematics version, the link provides access to the original paper and the attachment provides the instrument items within a validation study. 

Authors provide instrument validity and/or reliability information.