Instruments

Each of the five Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Elementary Teacher Efficacy and Attitudes toward STEM Surveys (T-STEM) contains six scales (sets of surveys items that most confidently describe a single characteristic of the survey-taker when the responses to these items are calculated as a single result). The first scale is called the Personal STEM Teaching Efficacy Belief Scale (PSTEBS) and consists of Likert-scale questions which ask the respondent about their confidence in their teaching skills. The second scale is called the STEM Teaching Outcome Expectancy Scale (STOES) and consists of Likert-scale questions which ask the respondent about the degree to which they believe students’ learning can be impacted by effective teaching. The third scale addresses the frequency of student technology use, while the fourth addresses the frequency of some instructional practices. The fifth scale asks teachers about their attitudes toward 21st century learning. Final scale items in the survey ask teachers about their attitudes toward teacher leadership and their awareness of STEM careers.