Data Science, AI, and You in Healthcare: Teaching Students About Medical Data Bias

Publications
Data science and artificial intelligence (AI) are poised to upend the way healthcare is delivered. But what happens when AI is trained on medical data that doesn’t reflect the population? A new semester-long course teaches high school students how embedded bias in machine learning affects healthcare discussions and decisions. The goals of the Data Science, AI, and You in Healthcare project include fostering community connections between educators, researchers, clinicians, and local stakeholders to prepare underrepresented students for STEM jobs—ultimately in fields where their background and
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Supporting Middle School Students’ Understanding of Time-Series Data With Graph Comparisons

Publications
After participating in an afterschool program where they used the Common Online Data Analysis Platform (CODAP) to study time-series data about infectious diseases, four middle school students were interviewed to determine how they understood features of and trends within these graphs. Our focus was on how students compared graphs. Students were readily able to compare cumulative/total infection rates among two countries with differently sized populations. It was more challenging for them to link a graph of yearly cases to the corresponding graph of cumulative cases. Students offered reasonable
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“You Can Actually Do Something”: Shifts in High School Computer Science Teachers’ Conceptions of AI/ML Systems and Algorithmic Justice

Publications
The recent proliferation of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) systems highlights the need for all people to develop effective competencies to interact with and examine AI/ML systems. We study shifts in five experienced high school CS teachers’ understanding of AI/ML systems after one year of participatory design, where they co-developed lessons on AI auditing, a systematic method to query AI/ML systems. Drawing on individual and group interviews, we found that teachers’ perspectives became more situated, grounding their understanding in everyday contexts; more critical
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Youth as Advisors in Participatory Design: Situating Teens’ Expertise in Everyday Algorithm Auditing with Teachers and Researchers

Publications
Research on children and youth’s participation in different roles in the design of technologies is one of the core contributions in child-computer interaction studies. Building on this work, we situate youth as advisors to a group of high school computer science teacher- and researcher-designers creating learning activities in the context of emerging technologies. Specifically, we explore algorithm auditing as a potential entry point for youth and adults to critically evaluate generative AI algorithmic systems, with the goal of designing classroom lessons. Through a two-hour session where
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Luquillo Data Jam: A Powerful Model for Broadening Participation in Science

Publications
The Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program in Puerto Rico has implemented a Data Jam initiative that fosters student engagement in ecological data science. In December 2023, over 175 middle and high school students presented 51 data-driven projects at a symposium in El Yunque National Rainforest. The initiative, rooted in the LTER’s extensive datasets, allows students to develop research questions, analyze data using the CODAP tool, and present findings. The program includes professional development for teachers, with workshops and Virtual Lab Meetings that equip them to guide
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The Design & Pitch Challenges in STEM: A Theoretical Framework for Centering Mathematics Learning in Entrepreneurial Pitch Competitions

Publications
Solving many of the pressing issues facing the world today will require a deep and integrated understanding of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To prepare today’s K-12 students to tackle these challenges, STEM education must create opportunities to learn disciplinary content while inventing actionable solutions to messy, interdisciplinary problems. Learning frameworks, such as Project-Based Learning (PBL), Design-Based Learning (DBL), and Entrepreneurial-Based Learning (EBL), could support this reconceptualization of STEM education. New approaches are needed that
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Designing to transform: High school students’ reasoning with geometric transformations in an authentic real-world project

Publications
As educators pursue more authentic and relevant approaches to mathematics instruction, it is essential to understand how students reason mathematically in innovative learning environments. This study examines students’ reasoning with geometric transformations during a summer camp, in which they used dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) to design transforming, multi-functional products. Student artifacts were analyzed using two frameworks on reasoning in transformational geometry. taxonomy of transformational reasoning. Findings show that students’ reasoning was closely tied to their product
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Algorithms, spreadsheets and functions: exploring middle graders’ functional reasoning during a STEM entrepreneurial pitch competition

Publications
This paper reports on a five-day study exploring six middle school students’ developing understanding of algorithms and functions during the Building Algorithms challenge, an entrepreneurial Design & Pitch Challenge in STEM. Students proposed businesses and built automated spreadsheet algorithms to inform users’ decision making by assigning ratings to objects (e.g. videos, music, racetracks) based on their preferences. Part of a larger NSF study of students’ participation in entrepreneurial experiences with mathematical connections, the study used a design-based research methodology
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Amplifying Mathematics Learning Through Teacher Discourse Moves: Investigating Teachers' Personal Practical Knowledge Within an Entrepreneurial Design Projects

Publications
This study investigates how teachers facilitate small-group mathematical discourse during Design & Pitch (D&P) Challenges in STEM, an experiential framework combining entrepreneurial, project-based, and design-based learning. By examining teacher interactions, we explore how educators draw on their personal practical knowledge to support student thinking and navigate the unpredictable nature of student-generated ideas in these innovative learning environments. This exploratory study investigates how teachers drew on their personal practical knowledge during group check-ins, leveraging teacher
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